Bay
Financial Newsletter
A Life Insurance Checklist
Here's a short list of things you can do to make your
present life insurance as effective as possible:
Step 1: Assemble and Re-Examine all Life Insurance
at Least Every Three Years
At least once every three years, you should collect
and re-examine all the policies on your life (and your spouse's life)
as well as survivorship policies, and if possible policies owned by
trusts, partnerships, LLCs, corporations, adult owner-beneficiaries,
charities, and third party owners. Obtain governmental, fraternal,
group, and association insurance documents as well as individual coverage.
Contact the home offices of each of the insurers and
ask them to confirm, in writing, the current ownership, beneficiary(ies),
loan and lien information, and payment status of each of the policies.
In each case, check to see if the answers from the insurer's home
office conforms with how you want things to be and that none of the
coverage is in danger of lapsing. Also check to be sure premium notices
and other policy information is being sent to the appropriate address.
Copy, and safeguard copies or verification (e.g., checks or bank statements)
of the last three years of premium payments.
Consider if changes in your health, income, asset growth,
family responsibilities, debt, and/or other changes since the policies
were purchased warrant reassessment of the amounts and types of coverage.
Consolidate and safeguard originals of all policies
and related documents.
Consult with counsel to determine if any individual
coverage you own on your own life could (and should) be removed from
your estate by an absolute assignment, and assess the risks and benefits
should you die within three years of a transfer of the policy. Consider
with counsel if any group term coverage on your life could (and should)
be removed from your estate.
Step 2: Obtain All Policies You Own on Others' Lives
If you own life insurance on your spouse, child(ren),
business associate(s), or debtor(s), each of the confirmations and
analysis listed in Step 1 should be made with respect to insurance
you own on the life or lives of other(s).
Consider contingent ownership arrangements so that
at your death, the ownership of the policy you hold on the life of
another will pass, not under your will, but rather pass automatically
by contract provision to the contingent owner you name. This can avoid
the delay and uncertainty of probate, subjecting the policy to a will
contest, making the policy cash value available to your creditors,
and in many cases subjecting the proceeds to federal estate tax. For
instance, if a wife owns a policy on her husband's life and she dies
first, absent a contingent owner (e.g., an adult child or trust),
it's likely that the policy will pass through her will (and probate
estate) back to the insured spouse, thus potentially exposing it to
federal estate tax at his death (unless he then gifts the policy to
a third party and lives three years after the transfer).
Step 3: Ascertain Your Ability to Obtain Additional
Life Insurance in Spite of a Current Medical Condition.
Some people mistakenly believe that because of their
age or current health status, they can't obtain additional insurance
coverage. Improvement in insurance underwriting in the last decade
make it possible for seniors and those with various health conditions
to obtain coverage that would have been impossible to obtain in the
past.
Specialty insurers, carriers that specialize in underwriting
various impaired risks, should be polled to determine if they will
issue insurance your health circumstances.
Ascertain the availability, viability, and utility
of options in your present life insurance such as paid-up additional
insurance, or extended term insurance where these are offered (e.g.,
merely by changing the dividend option, you may be able to increase
the coverage in older policies).
Check all your policies to determine if there are any
term riders which can be converted to permanent coverage before the
riders expire.
You may own existing policies on your life that have
a guaranteed insurability rider, a contractual provision which gives
you the right to buy additional insurance at specified ages (and/or
triggering events) regardless of your health when the option is exercised.
Additional insurance can often be obtained through
offers by credit card companies, charge accounts, installment loan
agreements, mortgages, conditional sales contracts, employment groups,
professional associations, or other financial institutions or arrangements.
For instance, additional insurance may possibly be obtained through
memberships in groups (such as AARP) which, through arrangements with
commercial insurers, makes life insurance available without medical
underwriting (but under restrictive terms).
If you are still working, it may be possible to obtain
additional coverage -- even if in relatively small amounts--through
group or pension "guaranteed issue" coverage.
Step 4: Check Current Beneficiary Designations and
Disposition/Payment of Proceeds.
Ascertain if the beneficiary designations are up to
date and in full conformity with your intentions. Confirm each beneficiary
designation as to their name, relationship, and the amount or percentage
of the proceeds each is entitled.
Check to be sure each designation follows the "Rule
of Two," i.e., there are at least two back-up or contingent beneficiaries
for each party named. This is particularly important if the client's
beneficiaries are older or very young. Also, consider a charity as
your ultimate contingent "fail safe' beneficiary.
Consider in every case if outright payment of proceeds
is appropriate -- or if the payment should be in trust, or in the
form of a settlement option with certain guarantees and/or restrictions.
Where there are multiple beneficiaries involved or where one or more
are minors or incompetent (because of mental, emotional, physical,
or other condition), or if the size of the policy warrants a trust
should be considered. The use of a settlement option may be suitable
where the amount in question is small but comprises a relatively large
portion of the recipient's financial security. On the other hand,
a trust is indicated if investment flexibility and safeguards against
inflation are more important than (or outweigh) the inherent advantages
of the simplicity, safety, cost efficiency, and dependability provided
by a settlement option.
If all or a portion of any policy is payable to a charity,
confirm that the charity is still in existence, that there will be
no confusion as to exactly which branch of the charitable organization
will receive the proceeds. For example, the designation should read:
"Boy Scouts of America, Troop 74, North Wildwood, New Jersey," rather
than "The Boy Scouts," assuming the client wants the proceeds to benefit
the local Boy Scout troop rather than the national organization.
If any of the named beneficiaries are not your natural
or legally adopted children (e.g., step or foster children), check
with counsel to assure there is no conflict with applicable state
inheritance law. Likewise, if such children were not intended to participate
in a share of the policy proceeds, check with counsel as to whether
or not state law will automatically award them such rights if the
policy beneficiary designation provides a distribution to "all my
children in equal shares."
If the named beneficiary is your spouse and he/she
is not currently a U.S. citizen, check with counsel with respect to
the need for, or appropriateness of, a Qualified Domestic Trust (QDOT),
or for the spouse to become a U.S. citizen as quickly as possible.
Conclusion:
The tasks and action steps are not, of course, a complete
list of all the things you should do --and the steps -- and sub-steps
-- are not necessarily in the order in which they should be accomplished.
They are meant as a general guide. Coordination and cooperation with
the members of your planning team is essential. Be sure to discuss
potential changes with your team-before you make changes.
As always, please feel free to call to discuss these
and other matters of interest.
